Am I protected from surprise dental bills?

• In-network fees: an in-network dentist has generally agreed to your plan's fees for covered services, so they usually can't bill you more than your share. See Can an in-network dentist charge me more?
• Your EOB: the explanation of benefits from your plan shows what you're responsible for. Check it before you pay. See My bill doesn't match my EOB.
• Cost in writing before treatment: a predetermination (insured) or a good faith estimate (paying yourself), covered below.

One thing that isn't protected: an out-of-network dentist hasn't agreed to your plan's fees, so they can bill you whatever the plan doesn't pay.

You have a right to a written good faith estimate. Dental offices must give one if you ask, or when you schedule care at least three business days ahead. If your bill ends up at least $400 more than the estimate, you may be able to dispute it. You generally need to start the dispute within 120 days of getting the bill, so don't wait.

Most state rules that matter for dental bills are about what an in-network dentist can charge for services your plan doesn't cover, and they differ from state to state. See Can an in-network dentist charge me more? Your state insurance department can tell you what else applies.

• Get a written treatment plan with fees before you start.
• For bigger work, ask for a predetermination. It's an estimate, not a guarantee, and it can take a week or more. Don't wait on one if you have pain, swelling, or signs of infection.
• Ask the office to tell you before doing anything not on the plan, if it can safely wait.